The Basics of Water
and ECOsmarte's® Technology

Water is an extremely stable compound. It does not easily decompose and it does not readily ionize. Water (H²0) is composed of 2 parts hydrogen and 1 part oxygen.

When hydrogen exists in a stable or balanced form, two atoms are joined together. This is elemental hydrogen gas, shown symbolically as H². The two hydrogen atoms in hydrogen gas share two electrons.

When oxygen is in its balanced form it is O², or elemental oxygen gas with 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons.

Each oxygen atom now shares 4 electrons with the other atom.

The Water Molecule

In a water molecule, composed of two hydrogen atoms (H²) and one oxygen atom (O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are combined and are sharing electrons.

Ionization

When electricity is applied to water, electrolysis and ionization occurs. One of the hydrogen ions breaks away from the water molecule. The hydrogen atom now has only 1 proton and no electrons. By losing a negative electron it has become a positive charged ion.

Ionization of Water

When the hydrogen ion breaks away, the second hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom remain together, sharing 10 electrons. This results in one extra negative, because the combination has one more electron than proton. This now is a single negatively charged hydroxide or hydroxyl ion.

Ions

An atom that has acquired an electrical or electrostatic charge is called an ion and can be considered ionized. Ionized atoms can be negatively or positively charged. An ionized atom may have one or more positive or negative electrical charges. This happens when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons, thus changing the electrical balance between the protons and the electrons.

Anions

Negative ionized atoms are anions and have one or more electrons than they have protons.

Cations

Positive ionized atoms are cations and have one or more protons than they have electrons. An atom does not lose protons it loses or gains electrons.

Ions in the Body

Virtually all reactions in biological systems are ionic and essential to plant and animal life. Everything in water and in living organisms function by electrochemical reactions. Muscles react to electro-chemical stimulation. Most chemicals, minerals, and metals that your body needs are in the electrically charged form of ions. Ions can be either positively or negatively charged. Water is the solution these chemicals are dissolved in, and is constantly flowing in all parts of your body. Water is like a vital, living entity. Its actions and interactions in our bodies make us what we are. Water is a key element in preserving health.

Electrically Charged Water

Ions dissolved in water make water a good conductor of electricity and they are termed electrolytes.

Electrolytic Conductivity

The measurement of conductivity of water is used to determine ionic contamination. As an example, a sodium ion is positively charged and a chlorine ion is negatively charged. When combined, they become table salt, with a balanced electrical charge. When salt is dissolved in distilled water, the sodium becomes a positive ion and the chloride becomes a negative ion making the water conductive.

Electronic Oxydation

Using standard residential current, ECOsmarte's® technology transforms the power to low D.C. voltage on its titanium electrodes, which have a proprietary noble metals coating. By the use of low voltage electricity applied to water, the simple process of electrolysis causes the electro-physical separation of water into oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) which then forms Hydroxyl radicals (OH) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H²O²), which are a combination of the most powerful oxidizers available for water disinfection.

OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL (ORP) (ECOsmarte® Oxidizers in Bold)
Chemical	Symbol	OPR Relative Value
Fluorine	F	2.25
Hydroxyl Radical	OH	2.05
Atomic Oxygen	O¹	1.78
Ozone	O³	1.52
Hydrogen Peroxide	H²O²	1.30
Permanganate	KMn²	1.22
Hypochlorous Acid	HOCL	1.10
Chlorine (Gas)	CL	1.0
Oxygen	O²	.94
Sodium Hypochlorite	NaCL²	.69
Bromine	Br	.57

The Hydroxyl ion (OH), Hydrogen Peroxide (H²O²), theoretical atomic oxygen (O¹) and oxygen (O²) are generated within the sealed pressure line to oxidize the water without using sodium or chemicals, at a gram per minute level not available with ozonation. Our titanium electrodes have shown no evidence of corrosion, wear or noble metal coating breakdown on installations dating back to 1993.

Copper Ionization

ECOsmarte® uses conventional copper ionization (without silver) as a compliment to oxidation to treat the water. Copper ionization was used by NASA to treat water and control scale in cooling systems for the Apollo Space Program. The copper forms a residual which stays in the water, unlike chlorine which evaporates. Don't worry, you would have to drink about two gallons of pool water (not recommended) to equal the amount of copper in a typical multi-vitamin.

ECOsmarte® provides the benefits, without the environmental health costs associated with chemicals.

ECOsmarte's® state-of-the-art treatment process and ozone are the only known disinfectants that have the Oxidation Reduction Potential to be effective as non-chlorine pool sanitizers. Our proprietary water treatment technology provides much greater oxidation potential than ozone. ECOsmarte® generates more oxygen radicals in one minute (20 to 80 grams) than most ozonators can generate in one hour (1 to 50 grams).

The Bottom Line

ECOsmarte's® state-of-the-art water treatment technology using carefully calibrated combinations of electronic oxygenation, copper ionization and specific world class filtration media developed by industry leaders is simply the best available, most effective non-salt, non-chemical water treatment technology available on the market today.

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